Static Data

Information that rarely changes, such as schedules, drivers, circuits, and championship standings.

Entities Summary

Entity	Info
sensor.f1_next_race	Next race info
sensor.f1_track_time	Current local time at the next race circuit
sensor.f1_current_season	Full race schedule
sensor.f1_driver_standings	Current driver championship standings
sensor.f1_constructor_standings	Current constructor standings
sensor.f1_weather	Weather forecast at next race circuit
sensor.f1_last_race_results	Most recent race results
sensor.f1_season_results	All season race results
sensor.f1_driver_points_progression	Drivers Point Progression
sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression	Constructors Point Progression
binary_sensor.f1_race_week	on during race week
sensor.f1_sprint_results	Sprint classification results
sensor.f1_fia_documents	FIA decisions and documents for the current weekend
calendar.f1_race_season_calendar	Full season calendar with all sessions

info

Many schedule timestamps are provided in three variants: an explicit UTC value (for example race_start_utc), a Home Assistant local-time value (for example race_start), and a circuit-local value (for example race_start_local). The circuit-local timestamps use the circuit's timezone so you can build automations against local session times.

---

Next Race

sensor.f1_next_race - Schedule for the next race; state is the race start timestamp (ISO‑8601).

State

• ISO‑8601 timestamp (UTC) of the race start, or unknown if not available.

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
round	string	Round number
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
race_url	string	Ergast race URL
circuit_id	string	Circuit identifier
circuit_name	string	Circuit name
circuit_url	string	Circuit URL
circuit_lat	string	Latitude
circuit_long	string	Longitude
circuit_locality	string	City/area
circuit_country	string	Country
country_code	string	ISO country code (e.g., "GB", "IT", "US")
country_flag_url	string	URL to country flag image
circuit_map_url	string	URL to official circuit map image
circuit_timezone	string	Local timezone (best effort)
race_start_utc	string	Race start (UTC ISO‑8601)
race_start	string	Race start in Home Assistant local time
race_start_local	string	Race start in circuit local time
first_practice_start_utc	string	FP1 start (UTC ISO‑8601)
first_practice_start	string	FP1 start in Home Assistant local time
first_practice_start_local	string	FP1 start in circuit local time
second_practice_start_utc	string	FP2 start (UTC ISO‑8601)
second_practice_start	string	FP2 start in Home Assistant local time
second_practice_start_local	string	FP2 start in circuit local time
third_practice_start_utc	string	FP3 start (UTC ISO‑8601)
third_practice_start	string	FP3 start in Home Assistant local time
third_practice_start_local	string	FP3 start in circuit local time
qualifying_start_utc	string	Qualifying start (UTC ISO‑8601)
qualifying_start	string	Qualifying start in Home Assistant local time
qualifying_start_local	string	Qualifying start in circuit local time
sprint_qualifying_start_utc	string	Sprint Qualifying/Shootout start (UTC ISO‑8601)
sprint_qualifying_start	string	Sprint Qualifying/Shootout start in Home Assistant local time
sprint_qualifying_start_local	string	Sprint Qualifying/Shootout start in circuit local time
sprint_start_utc	string	Sprint start (UTC ISO‑8601)
sprint_start	string	Sprint start in Home Assistant local time
sprint_start_local	string	Sprint start in circuit local time

---

Track Time

sensor.f1_track_time - Current local time at the next race circuit.

State

• String: local time at the circuit, formatted as HH:MM, or unknown.

Example

14:05

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
timezone	string	Circuit timezone (IANA, best effort)
utc_offset	string	UTC offset at the circuit, formatted as +HHMM
offset_from_home	string	Difference between circuit time and Home Assistant time (best effort)
circuit_name	string	Circuit name
circuit_locality	string	City/area
circuit_country	string	Country

---

Current Season

sensor.f1_current_season - Number of races in the current season.

State

• Integer: count of races in the season.

Example

24

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
races	list	Enriched races array for the season

Each entry in races contains the standard Ergast race data plus:

Field	Type	Description
country_code	string	ISO country code (e.g., "GB", "IT", "US")
country_flag_url	string	URL to country flag image
circuit_map_url	string	URL to official circuit map image

---

Driver Standings

sensor.f1_driver_standings - Driver standings snapshot from Ergast.

State

• Integer: number of drivers in the standings list.

Example

20

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
round	string	Round of the standings snapshot
driver_standings	list	Ergast "DriverStandings" array

Each entry in driver_standings contains:

Field	Type	Description
position	string	Championship position
positionText	string	Position as display text
points	string	Total points
wins	string	Number of wins
Driver	object	Driver information
Constructors	list	List of constructor(s) the driver has raced for

The Driver object contains:

Field	Type	Description
driverId	string	Driver identifier (e.g., "max_verstappen")
permanentNumber	string	Permanent car number
code	string	Three-letter driver code (TLA)
url	string	Wikipedia URL
givenName	string	First name
familyName	string	Last name
dateOfBirth	string	Date of birth (YYYY-MM-DD)
nationality	string	Nationality

Each entry in Constructors contains:

Field	Type	Description
constructorId	string	Constructor identifier
url	string	Wikipedia URL
name	string	Team name
nationality	string	Team nationality

JSON Structure Example

{
  "season": "2025",
  "round": "12",
  "driver_standings": [
    {
      "position": "1",
      "positionText": "1",
      "points": "255",
      "wins": "7",
      "Driver": {
        "driverId": "max_verstappen",
        "permanentNumber": "1",
        "code": "VER",
        "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Verstappen",
        "givenName": "Max",
        "familyName": "Verstappen",
        "dateOfBirth": "1997-09-30",
        "nationality": "Dutch"
      },
      "Constructors": [
        {
          "constructorId": "red_bull",
          "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing",
          "name": "Red Bull",
          "nationality": "Austrian"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "position": "2",
      "positionText": "2",
      "points": "180",
      "wins": "2",
      "Driver": {
        "driverId": "lewis_hamilton",
        "permanentNumber": "44",
        "code": "HAM",
        "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton",
        "givenName": "Lewis",
        "familyName": "Hamilton",
        "dateOfBirth": "1985-01-07",
        "nationality": "British"
      },
      "Constructors": [
        {
          "constructorId": "ferrari",
          "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari",
          "name": "Ferrari",
          "nationality": "Italian"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Jinja2 Template Examples

Get championship leader:

{% set standings = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_standings', 'driver_standings') %}
{% if standings and standings | length > 0 %}
  {% set leader = standings[0] %}
  Leader: {{ leader.Driver.givenName }} {{ leader.Driver.familyName }} ({{ leader.points }} pts)
{% endif %}

Get a specific driver's position:

{% set standings = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_standings', 'driver_standings') %}
{% set ver = standings | selectattr('Driver.code', 'eq', 'VER') | first %}
{% if ver %}
  VER is P{{ ver.position }} with {{ ver.points }} points and {{ ver.wins }} wins
{% endif %}

Calculate points gap to leader:

{% set standings = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_standings', 'driver_standings') %}
{% if standings and standings | length > 1 %}
  {% set leader_pts = standings[0].points | int %}
  {% set second_pts = standings[1].points | int %}
  Gap: {{ leader_pts - second_pts }} points
{% endif %}

List top 5 drivers:

{% set standings = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_standings', 'driver_standings') %}
{% for d in standings[:5] %}
  P{{ d.position }}: {{ d.Driver.code }} - {{ d.points }} pts
{% endfor %}

Get driver by car number:

{% set standings = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_standings', 'driver_standings') %}
{% set driver = standings | selectattr('Driver.permanentNumber', 'eq', '44') | first %}
{% if driver %}
  #44 {{ driver.Driver.familyName }} is P{{ driver.position }}
{% endif %}

---

Constructor Standings

sensor.f1_constructor_standings - Constructor standings snapshot from Ergast.

State

• Integer: number of constructors in the standings list.

Example

10

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
round	string	Round of the standings snapshot
constructor_standings	list	Ergast “ConstructorStandings” array (positions, points, wins, constructor info)

Weather (Summary)

sensor.f1_weather - Compact weather for the circuit location: current and projected at race start.

State

• Number: current air temperature (°C), or unknown.

Example

18.6

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year for the next race
round	string	Round number for the next race
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
race_url	string	Ergast race URL
circuit_id	string	Circuit identifier
circuit_name	string	Circuit name
circuit_url	string	Circuit URL
circuit_lat	string	Latitude
circuit_long	string	Longitude
circuit_locality	string	City/area
circuit_country	string	Country
current_temperature	number	Current air temperature (°C)
current_temperature_unit	string	“celsius”
current_humidity	number	% RH
current_humidity_unit	string	“%”
current_cloud_cover	number	% cloud cover
current_cloud_cover_unit	string	“%”
current_precipitation	number	Selected precipitation amount (mm, best effort)
current_precipitation_amount_min	number	Min precip amount (mm) if provided
current_precipitation_amount_max	number	Max precip amount (mm) if provided
current_precipitation_probability	number	Probability of precipitation (%) when provided
current_precipitation_probability_unit	string	“%”
current_precipitation_unit	string	“mm”
current_wind_speed	number	Wind speed (m/s)
current_wind_speed_unit	string	“m/s”
current_wind_direction	string	Cardinal abbreviation (e.g., "NW")
current_wind_from_direction_degrees	number	Wind direction (degrees)
current_wind_from_direction_unit	string	"degrees"
current_wind_gusts	number	Wind gust speed (m/s)
current_wind_gusts_unit	string	"m/s"
current_visibility	number	Visibility (m)
current_visibility_unit	string	"m"
current_weather_code	number	WMO weather interpretation code
current_weather_source	string	"open-meteo"
race_temperature	number	Projected air temperature at race start (°C)
race_temperature_unit	string	“celsius”
race_humidity	number	% RH at race start
race_humidity_unit	string	“%”
race_cloud_cover	number	% at race start
race_cloud_cover_unit	string	“%”
race_precipitation	number	Selected precipitation at race start (mm)
race_precipitation_amount_min	number	Min precip amount (mm) if provided
race_precipitation_amount_max	number	Max precip amount (mm) if provided
race_precipitation_probability	number	Probability of precipitation (%) when provided
race_precipitation_probability_unit	string	“%”
race_precipitation_unit	string	“mm”
race_wind_speed	number	Wind speed at race start (m/s)
race_wind_speed_unit	string	“m/s”
race_wind_direction	string	Cardinal abbreviation
race_wind_from_direction_degrees	number	Wind direction (degrees)
race_wind_from_direction_unit	string	"degrees"
race_wind_gusts	number	Projected wind gust speed at race start (m/s)
race_wind_gusts_unit	string	"m/s"
race_visibility	number	Projected visibility at race start (m)
race_visibility_unit	string	"m"
race_weather_code	number	WMO weather interpretation code at race start
race_weather_source	string	"open-meteo"
race_weather_icon	string	MDI icon name matching weather symbol

---

Last Race Results

sensor.f1_last_race_results - Results of the most recent race; state is the winner’s family name.

State

• String: winner surname, or unknown.

Example

Verstappen

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
round	string	Round number
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
race_url	string	Ergast URL
circuit_id	string	Circuit identifier
circuit_name	string	Circuit name
circuit_url	string	Circuit URL
circuit_lat	string	Latitude
circuit_long	string	Longitude
circuit_locality	string	City/area
circuit_country	string	Country
circuit_timezone	string	Local timezone (best effort)
race_start_utc	string	Race start (UTC ISO‑8601)
race_start	string	Race start in Home Assistant local time
race_start_local	string	Race start in circuit local time
results	list	Cleaned results array: {number, position, points, status, driver{permanentNumber, code, givenName, familyName}, constructor{constructorId, name}}

---

Season Results

sensor.f1_season_results - All results across the current season.

State

• Integer: number of races with results.

Example

22

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
races	list	For each race: {round, race_name, results:[…]} where each result has same shape as in “Last Race Results”

Known Issue

sensor.f1_season_results may trigger a warning in the Home Assistant logs:

Logger: homeassistant.components.recorder.db_schema
Source: components/recorder/db_schema.py:663
Integration: Recorder
State attributes for sensor.f1_season_results exceed maximum size of 16384 bytes. This can cause database performance issues; Attributes will not be stored

Despite the warning, the sensor should still work fine for display in the frontend. However, to avoid any database load/performance issues, it is recommended to exclude this sensor from being recorded in your recorder: config:

recorder:
  exclude:
    entities:
      - sensor.f1_season_results

Driver Points Progression

sensor.f1_driver_points_progression - Per‑round driver points (including sprint) with cumulative series, suitable for charts.

State

• Integer: number of rounds covered.

Example

12

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
rounds	list	List of rounds with metadata
drivers	object	Map of driver codes to their progression data
series	object	Pre-formatted data for charting libraries

Each entry in rounds contains:

Field	Type	Description
round	string	Round number
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
date	string	Race date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Each entry in drivers (keyed by driver code) contains:

Field	Type	Description
name	string	Driver's full name
code	string	Three-letter driver code
driverId	string	Driver identifier
points_by_round	list	Points scored in each round
cumulative_points	list	Running total of points after each round
wins_by_round	list	Wins per round (1 or 0)
totals	object	{ points, wins } - season totals

The series object contains:

Field	Type	Description
labels	list	Round labels for chart X-axis (e.g., ["R1", "R2", ...])
series	list	Array of series objects for charting

Each entry in series.series contains:

Field	Type	Description
key	string	Driver code
name	string	Driver's full name
data	list	Points per round
cumulative	list	Cumulative points per round

JSON Structure Example

{
  "season": "2025",
  "rounds": [
    { "round": "1", "race_name": "Bahrain Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-02" },
    { "round": "2", "race_name": "Saudi Arabian Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-09" },
    { "round": "3", "race_name": "Australian Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-23" }
  ],
  "drivers": {
    "VER": {
      "name": "Max Verstappen",
      "code": "VER",
      "driverId": "max_verstappen",
      "points_by_round": [25, 18, 25],
      "cumulative_points": [25, 43, 68],
      "wins_by_round": [1, 0, 1],
      "totals": {
        "points": 68,
        "wins": 2
      }
    },
    "HAM": {
      "name": "Lewis Hamilton",
      "code": "HAM",
      "driverId": "lewis_hamilton",
      "points_by_round": [18, 25, 15],
      "cumulative_points": [18, 43, 58],
      "wins_by_round": [0, 1, 0],
      "totals": {
        "points": 58,
        "wins": 1
      }
    }
  },
  "series": {
    "labels": ["R1", "R2", "R3"],
    "series": [
      {
        "key": "VER",
        "name": "Max Verstappen",
        "data": [25, 18, 25],
        "cumulative": [25, 43, 68]
      },
      {
        "key": "HAM",
        "name": "Lewis Hamilton",
        "data": [18, 25, 15],
        "cumulative": [18, 43, 58]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Jinja2 Template Examples

Get a driver's total points:

{% set drivers = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_points_progression', 'drivers') %}
{% if drivers and drivers.VER %}
  VER total: {{ drivers.VER.totals.points }} points, {{ drivers.VER.totals.wins }} wins
{% endif %}

Get points scored in the last round:

{% set drivers = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_points_progression', 'drivers') %}
{% if drivers and drivers.VER %}
  {% set pts = drivers.VER.points_by_round %}
  Last round: {{ pts[-1] if pts else 0 }} points
{% endif %}

List rounds with names:

{% set rounds = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_points_progression', 'rounds') %}
{% for r in rounds %}
  R{{ r.round }}: {{ r.race_name }} ({{ r.date }})
{% endfor %}

Calculate points gained in last 3 rounds:

{% set drivers = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_points_progression', 'drivers') %}
{% set ver = drivers.VER %}
{% if ver %}
  {% set last_3 = ver.points_by_round[-3:] | sum %}
  VER last 3 rounds: {{ last_3 }} points
{% endif %}

Get driver with most wins:

{% set drivers = state_attr('sensor.f1_driver_points_progression', 'drivers') %}
{% set winner = drivers.values() | sort(attribute='totals.wins', reverse=true) | first %}
{% if winner %}
  Most wins: {{ winner.code }} with {{ winner.totals.wins }}
{% endif %}

Chart Integration

The series attribute is pre-formatted for use with charting libraries like ApexCharts. See the Season Progression Charts example for a complete implementation.

---

Constructor Points Progression

sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression - Per‑round constructor points (including sprint) with cumulative series, suitable for charts.

State

• Integer: number of rounds covered.

Example

12

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
season	string	Season year
rounds	list	List of rounds with metadata
constructors	object	Map of constructor IDs to their progression data
series	object	Pre-formatted data for charting libraries

Each entry in rounds contains:

Field	Type	Description
round	string	Round number
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
date	string	Race date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Each entry in constructors (keyed by constructor ID) contains:

Field	Type	Description
name	string	Team name
constructorId	string	Constructor identifier
points_by_round	list	Points scored in each round
cumulative_points	list	Running total of points after each round
wins_by_round	list	Wins per round
totals	object	{ points, wins } - season totals

The series object contains:

Field	Type	Description
labels	list	Round labels for chart X-axis (e.g., ["R1", "R2", ...])
series	list	Array of series objects for charting

Each entry in series.series contains:

Field	Type	Description
key	string	Constructor ID
name	string	Team name
data	list	Points per round
cumulative	list	Cumulative points per round

JSON Structure Example

{
  "season": "2025",
  "rounds": [
    { "round": "1", "race_name": "Bahrain Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-02" },
    { "round": "2", "race_name": "Saudi Arabian Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-09" },
    { "round": "3", "race_name": "Australian Grand Prix", "date": "2025-03-23" }
  ],
  "constructors": {
    "red_bull": {
      "name": "Red Bull Racing",
      "constructorId": "red_bull",
      "points_by_round": [44, 33, 40],
      "cumulative_points": [44, 77, 117],
      "wins_by_round": [1, 0, 1],
      "totals": {
        "points": 117,
        "wins": 2
      }
    },
    "ferrari": {
      "name": "Ferrari",
      "constructorId": "ferrari",
      "points_by_round": [33, 44, 28],
      "cumulative_points": [33, 77, 105],
      "wins_by_round": [0, 1, 0],
      "totals": {
        "points": 105,
        "wins": 1
      }
    },
    "mclaren": {
      "name": "McLaren",
      "constructorId": "mclaren",
      "points_by_round": [28, 25, 33],
      "cumulative_points": [28, 53, 86],
      "wins_by_round": [0, 0, 0],
      "totals": {
        "points": 86,
        "wins": 0
      }
    }
  },
  "series": {
    "labels": ["R1", "R2", "R3"],
    "series": [
      {
        "key": "red_bull",
        "name": "Red Bull Racing",
        "data": [44, 33, 40],
        "cumulative": [44, 77, 117]
      },
      {
        "key": "ferrari",
        "name": "Ferrari",
        "data": [33, 44, 28],
        "cumulative": [33, 77, 105]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Jinja2 Template Examples

Get a team's total points:

{% set constructors = state_attr('sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression', 'constructors') %}
{% if constructors and constructors.red_bull %}
  Red Bull total: {{ constructors.red_bull.totals.points }} points
{% endif %}

Get points scored in the last round:

{% set constructors = state_attr('sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression', 'constructors') %}
{% set ferrari = constructors.ferrari %}
{% if ferrari %}
  {% set pts = ferrari.points_by_round %}
  Ferrari last round: {{ pts[-1] if pts else 0 }} points
{% endif %}

Calculate gap between two teams:

{% set c = state_attr('sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression', 'constructors') %}
{% if c.red_bull and c.ferrari %}
  {% set gap = c.red_bull.totals.points - c.ferrari.totals.points %}
  Red Bull leads Ferrari by {{ gap }} points
{% endif %}

Get team with most wins:

{% set constructors = state_attr('sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression', 'constructors') %}
{% set winner = constructors.values() | sort(attribute='totals.wins', reverse=true) | first %}
{% if winner %}
  Most wins: {{ winner.name }} with {{ winner.totals.wins }}
{% endif %}

List all teams by points:

{% set constructors = state_attr('sensor.f1_constructor_points_progression', 'constructors') %}
{% for c in constructors.values() | sort(attribute='totals.points', reverse=true) %}
  {{ c.name }}: {{ c.totals.points }} pts
{% endfor %}

Chart Integration

The series attribute is pre-formatted for use with charting libraries like ApexCharts. See the Season Progression Charts example for a complete implementation.

Race Week

binary_sensor.f1_race_week - True when the next race is scheduled in the current calendar week.

State (on/off)

• on during weeks containing the next race date; otherwise off.

Example

on

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
days_until_next_race	number	Days from today to the next race date
next_race_name	string	Grand Prix name of the next race

---

Sprint Results

Classification results for all sprint sessions in the current season.

State

• Integer: number of sprint races with results, or 0 when none are available.

Example

6

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
races	list	List of sprint races with results

Each entry in races contains:

Field	Type	Description
round	string	Round number
race_name	string	Grand Prix name
results	list	List of classification results

Each entry in results contains:

Field	Type	Description
number	string	Car number
position	string	Final position
points	string	Points awarded
status	string	Finish status
driver	object	{ permanentNumber, code, givenName, familyName }
constructor	object	{ name }

---

FIA Decision Documents

BETA

This sensor is in BETA. Data structure and availability may change as the upstream feed and parsing are refined.

Collects FIA decisions and official documents for the current race weekend.

State

• Integer: latest document number (e.g., 27 for "Doc 27"), or 0 when none are available.

Example

27

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
name	string	Document title (e.g., "Doc 27 - Penalty Decision")
url	string	URL to the FIA document
published	string	ISO‑8601 timestamp when the document was published

The sensor maintains a history of up to 100 documents internally. When a new race weekend starts (detected by "Document 1"), the history is reset.

---

Season Calendar

calendar.f1_race_season_calendar - Native Home Assistant calendar showing every session of the current Formula 1 season.

The calendar appears in the Home Assistant calendar panel and shows each session as a separate event: Practice 1, Practice 2, Practice 3, Qualifying, Sprint Qualifying, Sprint, and Race. On sprint weekends, Practice 3 is replaced by Sprint Qualifying and Sprint.

State

• on when a session is currently in progress; otherwise off.

Event fields

Field	Description
summary	Session name, e.g. "Monaco Grand Prix - Qualifying"
description	Round context, e.g. "Round 7 of the 2025 Formula 1 Season"
location	Circuit name, city, and country
start	Session start time (UTC)
end	Estimated session end time (UTC)

Estimated session durations

Session	Duration
Practice 1	60 min
Practice 2	60 min
Practice 3	60 min
Qualifying	60 min
Sprint Qualifying	45 min
Sprint	35 min
Race	120 min

info

Session end times are estimated based on standard session lengths. Actual sessions may run shorter or longer due to red flags or delays.

Automation example

Trigger an automation 30 minutes before any F1 session starts:

alias: F1 - Session Starting Soon
description: Notify before any F1 session begins
trigger:
  - platform: calendar
    event: start
    entity_id: calendar.f1_season
    offset: "-00:30:00"
action:
  - service: notify.persistent_notification
    data:
      title: "F1 Session Starting Soon"
      message: "{{ trigger.calendar_event.summary }} starts in 30 minutes"
mode: single

tip

The calendar entity complements sensor.f1_current_season. Use the sensor when you need race data in templates and attributes. Use the calendar when you want a visual schedule or calendar-based automations.